breakthrough构词法(高中英语构词法必考点合集)

本文目录
- 高中英语构词法必考点合集
- 高考英语构词法知识点大全
- 高考英语语法:高考英语总复习语法专项 构词法
- conversion构词法是什么
- 请问outdoor这个单词在构词法当中叫做什么
- 高中英语构词法大全(含单词示例)
高中英语构词法必考点合集
【 #英语资源# 导语】学习构词法基础知识也是非常有好处的,那就是它可以使我们能够轻松认识更多单词,以一种巧妙的方式扩大词汇量,短期内记住更多的单词。今天,就和 考 网一起来学习构词法的基础知识吧!
英语中的构词法主要有三种,即转化法、合成法和派生法。
一. 转化法
在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词
●Let me have a try .
让我试试。
●They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.
在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词
●He shouldered his way through the crowd.
他用肩膀推开人群前进。
●The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water .
从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词
●We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
●They tried to perfect the working conditions.
他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词
●He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong .
他不辨是非。
●The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词
●How long have you lived there?
你在那儿住多久了?
6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词
●Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
●Life is full of ups and downs.
人生有得意时也有失意时。
●His argument contains too many ifs and buts .
他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
二. 合成法
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法,合成的词叫做合成词。合成词一般看其词,知其意。
1. 合成名词
●名词/代词+名词 newspaper blood-test she-wolf
●动词+名词 typewriter pickpocket daybreak
●形容词+名词 greenhouse highway
●副词+名词 overcoat outside
●名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词 handwriting reading-room freezing-point
●动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome
●名词+介词+名词 sister-in-law editor-in-chief
2. 合成形容词
●名词+形容词/形容词+名词 world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term
●副词+形容词 over-anxious evergreen
●名词+过去分词 man-made sun-burnt
●名词+现在分词 peace-loving English-speaking
●形容词+现在分词 good-looking easy-going
●副词+过去分词 well-informed widespread
●副词+现在分词 hardworking far-reaching
●形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted absent-minded
●数词+名词+ed three-legged ten-storied
●数词+名词 one-way five–star
●数词+名词+形容词 ten-year-old 800-meter-long
●名词+to+名词 face –to-face door - to -door
3. 合成动词
●名词+动词 baby-sit sleepwalk
●副词+动词 outnumber underestimate overwork
●形容词+动词 whitewash
4. 合成副词
●形容词+名词 meanwhile anyway
●形容词+副词 everywhere anyhow
●副词+副词 however
●介词+名词 beforehand overhead
●介词+副词 forever
5. 合成代词
●代词宾格+self/selves herself themselves
●物主代词+self/selves myself yourselves
●形容词+名词 anything nothing
6. 合成介词
●副词+名词 inside outside
●介词+副词 without within
●副词+介词 into
三. 派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1. 前缀
除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,但不改变单词的词性。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
●un- unhappy unfinished undress
●dis- disagree disbelieve
●in- inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
●mis- misbehave mislead mistake
●non- nonstop nonsmoker
(2)表示其他意义的前缀
●en- “使……”enrich enlarge encourage
●inter- “相互”international intercontinental
●re- “再,又,重”rethink retell recycle
●tele- “远程的”telescope telephone telegraph
●auto- “自动的”automatic automobile
●co- “共同”coworker cooperate coexist
●anti- “反对,抵抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
●multi- “多”multistory multicultural multicolor
●bi- “双,二”bicycle bilingual bilateral
●micro- “极小的,微小的”microwave microcomputer
●over- “太多,过分”overwork overdo overestimate
●self- “自己,本身”self-centered self-confident self-control
●under- “在……下面,……下的,不足的”underline, underground, underestimate, underrate
2. 后缀
(1)形容词后缀
●-able “可……的,具有……的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
●-al “与……有关的”physical, magical, political
●-an “属于某地方的人”American African
●-ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern
●-ful/ less “(没)有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
●-ish “如……的;有……特征的”foolish childish selfish
●-ive “有……倾向的”active attractive expensive
●-en “由……制成的”golden wooden woolen
●-ous “有(性质)的”famous, dangerous, poisonous
●-ly “有……性质的”friendly yearly daily
●-y “构成形容词”noisy dusty cloudy
(2)名词后缀
●-er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
●-ese “某国(人)的”Chinese, Japanese
●-ian “某国、某地人;精通……的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician
●-ist “某种主义或职业者”physicist, scientist, communist,socialist
●-ess “表女性,雌性”hostess, actress, princess
●-ment “行为或其状态”government, movement, achievement
●-ness “性质,状态”illness, sadness, carelessness
●-tion “动作,过程,结果”invention, organization, translation
●-ance/ ence “抽象;行为、性质、状态”importance, appearance, absence, existence
●-th “性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
●-ful “(满的)量”handful, spoonful, mouthful
●-(a)bility “抽象、性质、状态”possibility, disability, reliability
●-al “过程、状态”survival, arrival, approval
●-y “性质、情况”modesty, delivery, honesty
●-dom “处于……状态;性质”freedom, boredom
●-age “状态,行为,身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage
(3)动词后缀
●-fy / ify “使得;变得” simplify, beautify, purify
●-en “使成为;变得” shorten, deepen, sadden
●-ize “使成为” apologize, realize, specialize
(4)副词后缀
●-ly “方式,程度” freely, truly, angrily
●-ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards
(5)数词后缀
●-teen “十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
●-ty “整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty
●-th “序数词” twelfth, twentieth
高考英语构词法知识点大全
【 #高考# 导语】学习构词法的意义是什么呢?就是它可以使我们能够轻松容易的认识更多单词,以一种巧妙的方式扩大词汇量。英语中的构词法主要有三种,即转化法、合成法和派生法。现在,来看看 考 网整理的高考英语构词法知识点大全吧。 一. 转化法(conversion)
在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词
Let me have a try.
让我试试。
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.
在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词
He shouldered his way through the crowd.
他用肩膀推开人群前进。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.
从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
They tried to perfect the working conditions.
他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词
He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.
他不辨是非。
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词
How long have you lived there?
你在那儿住多久了?
二. 合成法(composition)
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法,合成的词叫做合成词(compounds)。合成词的写法由习惯决定,可以写在一起,也可以用连词符号连接。
1. 合成名词
名词/代词+名词
newspaper blood-test she-wolf
动词+名词
typewriter pickpocket daybreak
形容词+名词
greenhouse highway
副词+名词
overcoat outside
名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词
handwriting reading-room freezing-point
动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词
breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome
名词+介词+名词
sister-in-law editor-in-chief
2. 合成形容词
名词+形容词/形容词+名词
world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term
副词+形容词
over-anxious evergreen
名词+过去分词
man-made sun-burnt
名词+现在分词
peace-loving English-speaking
形容词+现在分词
good-looking easy-going
副词+过去分词
well-informed widespread
副词+现在分词
hardworking far-reaching
3. 合成动词
名词+动词
baby-sit sleepwalk
副词+动词
outnumber underestimate overwork
形容词+动词
whitewash
4. 合成副词
形容词+名词
meanwhile anyway
形容词+副词
everywhere anyhow
副词+副词
however
介词+名词
beforehand overhead
介词+副词
forever
5. 合成代词
代词宾格+self/selves
herself themselves
物主代词+self/selves
myself yourselves
形容词+名词
anything nothing
6. 合成介词
副词+名词
inside outside
介词+副词
without within
副词+介词
into
三. 派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1. 前缀
除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,但不改变单词的词性。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
un-unhappy unfinished undress
dis- disagree disbelieve
in-inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
mis-misbehave mislead mistake
non-nonstop nonsmoker
(2)表示其他意义的前缀
en-“使……” enrich enlarge encourage
inter-“相互” international intercontinental
re-“再,又,重” rethink retell recycle
tele-“远程的” telescope telephone telegraph
auto-“自动的” automatic automobile
co-“共同” coworker cooperate coexist
anti-“反对,抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
multi-“多” multistory multicultural multicolor
bi-“双,二”bicycle bilingual bilateral
micro-“极小的,微小的” microwave microcomputer
over-“太多,过分” overwork overdo overestimate
self-“自己,本身” self-centered self-confident self-control
under-“在……下面,……下的,不足的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate
2. 后缀
(1)形容词后缀
-able “可……的,具有……的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
-al“与……有关的” physical, magical, political
-an“属于某地方的人” American African
-ern“方向” southern, northern, eastern
-ful/ less“(没)有……的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
-ish“如……的;有……特征的” foolish childish selfish
-ive“有……倾向的” active attractive expensive
-en“由……制成的” golden wooden woolen
-ous“有(性质)的” famous, dangerous, poisonous
-ly “有……性质的” friendly yearly daily
-y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy
(2)名词后缀
-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
-ese“某国(人)的” Chinese, Japanese
-ian“某国、某地人;精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician
-ist“某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist,socialist
-ess“表女性,雌性” hostess, actress, princess
-ment“行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement
-ness“性质,状态” illness, sadness, carelessness
-tion“动作,过程,结果” invention, organization, translation
(3)动词后缀
-fy / ify“使得;变得” simplify, beautify, purify
-en“使成为……;变得” shorten, deepen, sadden
-ize“使成为” apologize, realize, specialize
(4)副词后缀
-ly“方式,程度” freely, truly, angrily
ward(s)“向……” towards, forward, upwards
(5)数词后缀
-teen“十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
-ty“整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty
-th“序数词” twelfth, twentieth
高考英语语法:高考英语总复习语法专项 构词法
***隐藏网址***
高考英语总复习语法专项 构词法
2009-03-18 11:42 来源:互联网 作者:佚名
英语中的构词法主要包括: 转化词, 派生词, 合成词, 混成词, 截短词, 缩略词等, 其中前三种最为重要
转化词
转化词就是词形不变, 由一个词类转化成另一个词类的词
一.转化动词, 如: mark评分, stage上演, warm加热,使温暖, further促进, water浇水
a. Warm the milk before drinking it.
b. She waters the flowers every day.
c. Cool the water before you drink it.
d. The train slowed down as it entered the station.
二.转化名词, 如: cause起因, use用处, native本地人, major主修科目
a. Let’s go for a drive next Sunday.
b. You can ask for a help.
c. They stopped there for a swim.
派生词
派生词就是通过在词根上加前缀或后缀构成的另一个词. 后缀通常改变词根的词类; 前缀通常改变词根的词义
一.构成反义词的前缀, 如: un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, dis-, non-, de-
1.前缀un-, 如: unpleasant, unusual, unwanted, uncomfortable, unimportant, unsold, undivided, unreserved
2.前缀in-用于除l, b, m, p, r起首的词之前, 如: incomplete, inconvenient, inability, independent
3.前缀im-用于以b, m, p起首的词之前, 如: impossible, impatient, improper
4.前缀il-用于以l起首的词之前, 如: illegal不合法的, illogical不合逻辑的
5.前缀ir-用于以r起首的词之前, 如: irregular, irrelevant, irresponsible
6.前缀dis-, 如: dishonest, dislike, disagree, discover, dissatisfied, disadvantage, disabled
7.前缀non-, 如: non-stop, non-violent, non-smoker, nonmember非成员
8.前缀de-, 如: devalue减少…的价值
高考英语总复习语法专项 构词法
2009-03-18 11:42 来源:互联网 作者:佚名
英语中的构词法主要包括: 转化词, 派生词, 合成词, 混成词, 截短词, 缩略词等, 其中前三种最为重要
转化词
转化词就是词形不变, 由一个词类转化成另一个词类的词
一.转化动词, 如: mark评分, stage上演, warm加热,使温暖, further促进, water浇水
a. Warm the milk before drinking it.
b. She waters the flowers every day.
c. Cool the water before you drink it.
d. The train slowed down as it entered the station.
二.转化名词, 如: cause起因, use用处, native本地人, major主修科目
a. Let’s go for a drive next Sunday.
b. You can ask for a help.
c. They stopped there for a swim.
派生词
派生词就是通过在词根上加前缀或后缀构成的另一个词. 后缀通常改变词根的词类; 前缀通常改变词根的词义
一.构成反义词的前缀, 如: un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, dis-, non-, de-
1.前缀un-, 如: unpleasant, unusual, unwanted, uncomfortable, unimportant, unsold, undivided, unreserved
2.前缀in-用于除l, b, m, p, r起首的词之前, 如: incomplete, inconvenient, inability, independent
3.前缀im-用于以b, m, p起首的词之前, 如: impossible, impatient, improper
4.前缀il-用于以l起首的词之前, 如: illegal不合法的, illogical不合逻辑的
5.前缀ir-用于以r起首的词之前, 如: irregular, irrelevant, irresponsible
6.前缀dis-, 如: dishonest, dislike, disagree, discover, dissatisfied, disadvantage, disabled
7.前缀non-, 如: non-stop, non-violent, non-smoker, nonmember非成员
8.前缀de-, 如: devalue减少…的价值
二.其他前缀:
1.前缀en-表示 “使得…, 使成为…”, 如: enlarge扩大, enable使能够, endanger危害, encourage鼓励
2.前缀re-表示 “再, 重新”, 如: reprint, redesign, rebuild, reuse, review, repay, rewrite
3.前缀mis-表示 “坏的, 错误的, 不利的”, 如: misunderstand, misspell拼错, misplace放错, misname误称, mislead误导, misremember记错
4.前缀counter-表示 “反对, 逆, 对付”, 如: counterculture反主流文化, counterpart对应的人或物, countermeasure对抗手段, countermarch向后转行进
5.前缀anti-表示 “反对, 抵抗, 排斥”, 如: anti-American反美分子, antigas防毒气的, antisocial孤僻的, anticraft防空炮火
6.前缀pro-表示 “赞成…的, 亲…的”, 如: pro-American亲美的
7.前缀mono-表示 “单一, 单独”, 如: monoplane单翼飞机, monologue独白, monotone单独
8.前缀semi-表示 “一半的”, 如: semifinal半决赛, semimonthly半月地, semiconductor半导体, semicircle半圆
9.前缀bi-表示 “两个的, 两倍的, 双重的”, 如: bicycle, biweekly双周的, biyearly每两年的, bilingual双语的
10.前缀tri-表示 “三, 三倍, 三重的”, 如: tricycle三轮车, triangle三角形
11.前缀ultra-表示 “极端的, 超过的, 过于的”, 如: ultra-left极左的, ultra-democracy极端民主, ultra-short超短的, ultrasound超声
12.前缀over-表示 “过度的, 太多的; 在上面; 全面地; 超越; 翻倒”, 如: overbold过于胆大的, overcareful过分小心的, overcrowd挤满, overlook眺望, overwork劳累过度, overcoat大衣
13.前缀under-表示 “不足的; 劣于; …之下的”, 如: undersea海底, undershirt内衣, underworld地狱
14.前缀super-表示 “…上, 超级, 过度”, 如: superhighway, supernatural超自然的, superman超人, superheat使过热, supermarket
15.前缀ex-表示 “到外面, 向外的, 以前的”, 如: ex-wife前妻, exclude除外, ex-president前总统, ex-change交换
16.前缀sub-表示 “下; 低位; 副”, 如: subhead副标题, subdivide再分, subcontinent次大陆, subtopic副主题, subtitle小标题
17.前缀inter-表示 “…间; 相互的”, 如: international, interchange交换, intercommunicate互联通讯, interact相互作用, interphone对讲电话
18.前缀co-表示 “共同, 共通”,如: co-exist共存, co-author合著者之一, cooperate合作
三.构成名词的后缀:
1.后缀-er / -or表示 “…的人; 供做…的物”, 如: islander, bottle-opener, thinker, writer, learner, passenger, designer, photo copier
2.后缀–ist表示 “做…的人; …家; …主义者”, 如: communist共产主义者, Marxist马克思主义者, socialist社会主义者, pianist钢琴家, typist打字员, journalist记者
3.后缀–ism表示 “…主义; ..学说; …行为; …状态”, 如: socialism社会主义, Marxism马克思主义, tourism旅游业
4.后缀-ness, 如: darkness, carelessness, gentleness, kindness, business, sadness
5.后缀-ing, 如: sightseeing, feeling, painting, finding, saving, earning, meaning, training, belonging, greeting
6.后缀–tion, 如: invitation, invention, pronunciation, composition, contribution, collection, situation
7.后缀–sion, 如: expression, impression, procession, permission
8.后缀–ment, 如: government, movement, development, equipment, announcement, punishment, treatment
9.后缀–ship表示 “…的状态; …的技能; …术”, 如: friendship, partnership伙伴关系, seamanship航海术, hardship困苦, readership读者群, scholarship会员身份, ownership所有制
10.后缀–hood表示身份, 资格, 时间, 集体, 状态, 如: brotherhood兄弟般的关系, likelihood可能性, neighborhood邻里, childhood童年时代, boyhood少年时代, girlhood少女时代
11.后缀–ity, 如: reality现实, ability能力, activity活动, possibility可能性, regularity正规, nationality国籍, disability残疾, minority少数
12.后缀–ence, 如: difference区别, existence存在, silence沉默, occurrence事件, reference提及, conference会议
13.后缀-ance, 如: appearance出现, performance表演, acceptance接受, assistance帮助, distance距离
14.后缀-ure, 如: pleasure快乐, failure失败, exposure暴露, closure关闭, mixture混合, gesture姿势
15.后缀–ess表示女性或雌性, 如: hostess女主人, mistress主妇, lioness雌狮子, waitress女服务员
16.后缀–th, 如: truth真理, strength力量, length长度, growth成长, depth深度
17.后缀–al, 如: removal除去, survival幸存, proposal建议, trial试验, approval承认
18.后缀–ant表示 “做…事的人或物”, 如: accountant会计, applicant申请者, consultant请教者, servant服务员, assistant助手, expectant期待者
19.后缀–ee表示 “受…者,…行为者”, 如: employee受雇者, payee收款人, referee受委托者, appointee被任命者
20.后缀–eer表示 “与…有关者, 从事…者”, 如: volunteer自愿者, profiteer不当得利者, racketeer诈骗者
21.后缀-ful表示 “满量”, 如: basketful一篮, handful一把, houseful满屋子
22.后缀–ese表示 “…的人, …语”, 如: Japanese, Cantonese广东人, Vietnamese越南人, Viennese维也纳人
四.构成形容词的后缀:
1.后缀–ful表示 “充满…的, 有…性质的”, 如: careful, useful, helpful, hopeful, powerful, painful, merciful
2.后缀–less表示 “无; 不做; 不能”, 如: careless, hopeless, fatherless丧父的, harmless, rainless, countless无数的, speechless无言的
3.后缀–able表示 “能够; 适于…; 值得…”, 如: eatable, acceptable, laughable可笑的, comfortable
4.后缀–ible表示 “可(被)…的; 能…的”, 如: responsible有责任的, permissible可允许的, divisible可分的, possible可能的
5.后缀–ic表示 “与…有关的; 像…的; 由…产生的”, 如: heroic英雄的, historic有历史意义的, atomic原子的, energetic精力旺盛的, electric电的
6.后缀–ive表示 “拥有…的性质; 有…的倾向”, 如: inventive发明的, imaginative富有想象力的, sensitive敏感的, effective有效的, expressive表情丰富的
7.后缀– ous表示 “具有…的; 多…的; 有…特性的”, 如: various, nervous, continuous连续的, poisonous有毒的, anxious, mountainous多山的, dangerous, courageous英勇的
8.后缀–y表示 “有…的; 由…构成, 似…的; 有点…的”, 如: healthy, wealthy, rainy, windy, silky, greedy, smelly有臭味的
9.后缀–ly表示 “像…的; 有…性质的; 反复发生的”, 如: friendly, motherly母亲似的, manly在男子气的, monthly每月的
10.后缀–ant表示 “有…性质的”, 如: important, distant, ignorant无知的
11.后缀–ent表示 “…的状态”, 如: different, independent, impatient, frequent经常的, excellent极好的
12.后缀–en表示 “由…制的”, 如: wooden, woolen羊毛的, golden金的
13.后缀–ern表示方向, 如: western, eastern, northern, southern
14.后缀–al表示 “像…的; 与…有关的”, 如: personal, electrical电的, cultural, natural, national
15.后缀–ish表示 “似…的; …的”, 如: selfish自私的, childish似孩童的, foolish
16.后缀–like表示 “像…的”, 如: childlike孩子般天真的, godlike上帝般的, lifelike栩栩如生的
17.后缀–ary表示 “与…有关的; …的”, 如: revolutionary革命的, imaginary虚构的, momentary瞬间的, primary首要的, ordinary普通的
18.后缀–ed表示 “有…的; 特有…的”, 如: skilled有技术的, talented有天赋的, wooded林木茂密的
19.后缀–some表示 “易于…的, 有…倾向的; 产生…的”, 如: lonesome寂寞的, handsome英俊的, tiresome讨厌的, fearsome可怕的, burdensome沉重的
20.后缀–an表示 “…的, 与…有关的, …风格的”, 如: Canadian加拿大的, Australian澳大利亚的, Mexican墨西哥的, American, European欧洲的
五.构成动词的后缀:
1.后缀–ize / -ise表示 “使成为, 使能够, 作…处理”, 如: realize实现, industrialize工业化, mechanize机械化, nationalize使国有化, revolutionize使革命化, modernize使现代化
2.后缀–ify表示 “使成为…的; 使…化”, 如: beautify美化, terrify使惊吓, electrify电气化, magnify放大
3.后缀–en表示 “使有, 使得”, 如: strengthen加强, deepen加深, darken使变黑, shorten使变短, fasten扎牢
4.后缀–ate表示 “使, 作为…”, 如: activate使活动, motivate激发, liberate解放, separate分开, hibernate冬眠
六.构成副词的后缀:
1.后缀-ly, 如: really, simply, happily, publicly, happily, lastly, lately, excitedly
2.后缀–ward表示方向, 如: upward, inward, westward, homeward, backward
合成词
合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成的一个新词
一.合成名词, 如: workforce, haircut, postman, X-ray, mailbox, landowner, farmland, handstand, handshake, coastline, gunfire, short-wave, gentleman, newcomer, tightrope, best-seller, mainland, freeway, second-hand, midday, front-runner, pickpocket扒手, breakwater防波堤, runway, sit-downer静坐罢工者, breakthrough突破, runaround借口, runaway逃亡, sell-out售完, handout传单, breakdown衰落
二.合成形容词, 如: worldwide, nationwide, duty-free, snow-white, world-famous, lifelong, English-speaking, noise-killing, hand-made, peace-loving, horse-drawn, fun-loving, ready-made现成的, good-looking, easy-going, low-lying地势低洼的, well-known, hard-working, well-informed消息灵通的, widespread, ill-formed, first-rate, second-hand, worthwhile, everyday, middle-aged, warm-blooded, good-tempered, bare-footed
三.合成代词, 如: himself, herself, themselves, something, someone, anything, nobody
四.合成动词, 如: overthrow, output, input, uphold, uplift, downgrade, sleep-walk, typewrite, brainwash, handpick精选, daydream, whitewash, deep-freeze
***隐藏网址***
conversion构词法是什么
conversion构词法是转化法。
英语构词法中把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转换法。在物理里指把难于测出的物理量转化为易于测出的物理量的实验方法叫转化法。
举例:
(1)名词 动词: hand:手 传递 water:水 浇水 place:地方 放置 。
land:土地 着陆 design:图案 设计 picture:图画 想像。
(2)形容词 动词: empty空的 倒空 better:较好的 改善。
back:后面的 支持 。
英语中的构词法主要有三种,即转化法、合成法和派生法。
一. 转化法(conversion)
在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1、 动词转化为名词
Let me have a try.
让我试试。
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.
在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词
He shouldered his way through the crowd.
他用肩膀推开人群前进。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.
从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
They tried to perfect the working conditions.
他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词
He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.
他不辨是非。
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词
How long have you lived there?
你在那儿住多久了?
6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词
Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
Life is full of ups and downs.
人生有得意时也有失意时。
His argument contains too many ifs and buts.
他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
二. 合成法(composition)
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法,合成的词叫做合成词(compounds)。合成词的写法由习惯决定,可以写在一起,也可以用连词符号连接。
1. 合成名词
名词/代词+名词
newspaper blood-test she-wolf
动词+名词
typewriter pickpocket daybreak
形容词+名词
greenhouse highway
副词+名词
overcoat outside
名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词
handwriting reading-room freezing-point
动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词
breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome
名词+介词+名词
sister-in-law editor-in-chief
2. 合成形容词
名词+形容词/形容词+名词
world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term
副词+形容词
over-anxious evergreen
名词+过去分词
man-made sun-burnt
名词+现在分词
peace-loving English-speaking
形容词+现在分词
good-looking easy-going
副词+过去分词
well-informed widespread
副词+现在分词
hardworking far-reaching
形容词+名词+ed
warm-hearted absent-minded
数词+名词+ed
three-legged ten-storied
数词+名词
one-way five–star
数词+名词+形容词
ten-year-old 800-meter-long
名词+to+名词
face –to-face door - to -door
3. 合成动词
名词+动词
baby-sit sleepwalk
副词+动词
outnumber underestimate overwork
形容词+动词
whitewash
4. 合成副词
形容词+名词
meanwhile anyway
形容词+副词
everywhere anyhow
副词+副词
however
介词+名词
beforehand overhead
介词+副词
forever
5. 合成代词
代词宾格+self/selves
herself themselves
物主代词+self/selves
myself yourselves
形容词+名词
anything nothing
6. 合成介词
副词+名词
inside outside
介词+副词
without within
副词+介词
into
三. 派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1. 前缀
除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,但不改变单词的词性。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
un-unhappy unfinished undress
dis- disagree disbelieve
in-inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
mis-misbehave mislead mistake
non-nonstop nonsmoker
(2)表示其他意义的前缀
en-“使……” enrich enlarge encourage
inter-“相互” international intercontinental
re-“再,又,重” rethink retell recycle
tele-“远程的” telescope telephone telegraph
auto-“自动的” automatic automobile
co-“共同” coworker cooperate coexist
anti-“反对,抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
multi-“多” multistory multicultural multicolor
bi-“双,二”bicycle bilingual bilateral
micro-“极小的,微小的” microwave microcomputer
over-“太多,过分” overwork overdo overestimate
self-“自己,本身” self-centered self-confident self-control
under-“在……下面,……下的,不足的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate
2. 后缀
(1)形容词后缀
-able “可……的,具有……的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
-al“与……有关的” physical, magical, political
-an“属于某地方的人” American African
-ern“方向” southern, northern, eastern
-ful/ less“(没)有……的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
-ish“如……的;有……特征的” foolish childish selfish
-ive“有……倾向的” active attractive expensive
-en“由……制成的” golden wooden woolen
-ous“有(性质)的” famous, dangerous, poisonous
-ly “有……性质的” friendly yearly daily
-y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy
(2)名词后缀
-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
-ese“某国(人)的” Chinese, Japanese
-ian“某国、某地人;精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician
-ist“某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist,socialist
-ess“表女性,雌性” hostess, actress, princess
-ment“行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement
-ness“性质,状态” illness, sadness, carelessness
-tion“动作,过程,结果” invention, organization, translation
-ance/ ence“抽象;行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence
-th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
-ful“(满的)量” handful, spoonful, mouthful
-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability
请问outdoor这个单词在构词法当中叫做什么
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法,合成的词叫做合成词(compounds)。合成词的写法由习惯决定,可以写在一起,也可以用连词符号连接。
1. 合成名词
名词/代词+名词
newspaper blood-test she-wolf
动词+名词
typewriter pickpocket daybreak
形容词+名词
greenhouse highway
副词+名词
overcoat outside
名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词
handwriting reading-room freezing-point
动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词
breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome
名词+介词+名词
sister-in-law editor-in-chief
2. 合成形容词
名词+形容词/形容词+名词
world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term
副词+形容词
over-anxious evergreen
名词+过去分词
man-made sun-burnt
名词+现在分词
peace-loving English-speaking
形容词+现在分词
good-looking easy-going
副词+过去分词
well-informed widespread
副词+现在分词
hardworking far-reaching
形容词+名词+ed
warm-hearted absent-minded
数词+名词+ed
three-legged ten-storied
数词+名词
one-way five–star
数词+名词+形容词
ten-year-old 800-meter-long
名词+to+名词
face –to-face door - to -door
3. 合成动词
名词+动词
baby-sit sleepwalk
副词+动词
outnumber underestimate overwork
形容词+动词
whitewash
4. 合成副词
形容词+名词
meanwhile anyway
形容词+副词
everywhere anyhow
副词+副词
however
介词+名词
beforehand overhead
介词+副词
forever
5. 合成代词
代词宾格+self/selves
herself themselves
物主代词+self/selves
myself yourselves
形容词+名词
anything nothing
6. 合成介词
副词+名词
inside outside
介词+副词
without within
副词+介词
高中英语构词法大全(含单词示例)
【 #英语资源# 导语】学习构词法基础知识也是非常有好处的,那就是它可以使我们能够轻松认识更多单词,以一种巧妙的方式扩大词汇量,短期内记住更多的单词。就和 一起来学习构词法的基础知识吧!
一. 转化法
在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词
●Let me have a try .
让我试试。
●They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.
在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词
●He shouldered his way through the crowd.
他用肩膀推开人群前进。
●The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water .
从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词
●We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
●They tried to perfect the working conditions.
他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词
●He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong .
他不辨是非。
●The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词
●How long have you lived there?
你在那儿住多久了?
6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词
●Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
●Life is full of ups and downs.
人生有得意时也有失意时。
●His argument contains too many ifs and buts .
他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
二. 合成法
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法,合成的词叫做合成词。合成词一般看其词,知其意。
1. 合成名词
●名词/代词+名词 newspaper blood-test she-wolf
●动词+名词 typewriter pickpocket daybreak
●形容词+名词 greenhouse highway
●副词+名词 overcoat outside
●名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词 handwriting reading-room freezing-point
●动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome
●名词+介词+名词 sister-in-law editor-in-chief
2. 合成形容词
●名词+形容词/形容词+名词 world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term
●副词+形容词 over-anxious evergreen
●名词+过去分词 man-made sun-burnt
●名词+现在分词 peace-loving English-speaking
●形容词+现在分词 good-looking easy-going
●副词+过去分词 well-informed widespread
●副词+现在分词 hardworking far-reaching
●形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted absent-minded
●数词+名词+ed three-legged ten-storied
●数词+名词 one-way five–star
●数词+名词+形容词 ten-year-old 800-meter-long
●名词+to+名词 face –to-face door - to -door
3. 合成动词
●名词+动词 baby-sit sleepwalk
●副词+动词 outnumber underestimate overwork
●形容词+动词 whitewash
4. 合成副词
●形容词+名词 meanwhile anyway
●形容词+副词 everywhere anyhow
●副词+副词 however
●介词+名词 beforehand overhead
●介词+副词 forever
5. 合成代词
●代词宾格+self/selves herself themselves
●物主代词+self/selves myself yourselves
●形容词+名词 anything nothing
6. 合成介词
●副词+名词 inside outside
●介词+副词 without within
●副词+介词 into
三. 派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1. 前缀
除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,但不改变单词的词性。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
●un- unhappy unfinished undress
●dis- disagree disbelieve
●in- inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
●mis- misbehave mislead mistake
●non- nonstop nonsmoker
(2)表示其他意义的前缀
●en- “使……” enrich enlarge encourage
●inter- “相互”international intercontinental
●re- “再,又,重” rethink retell recycle
●tele- “远程的” telescope telephone telegraph
●auto- “自动的” automatic automobile
●co- “共同” coworker cooperate coexist
●anti- “反对,抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
●multi- “多” multistory multicultural multicolor
●bi- “双,二” bicycle bilingual bilateral
●micro- “极小的,微小的” microwave microcomputer
●over- “太多,过分” overwork overdo overestimate
●self- “自己,本身” self-centered self-confident self-control
●under- “在……下面,……下的,不足的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate
2. 后缀
(1)形容词后缀
●-able “可……的,具有……的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
●-al “与……有关的” physical, magical, political
●-an “属于某地方的人” American African
●-ern “方向” southern, northern, eastern
●-ful/ less “(没)有……的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
●-ish “如……的;有……特征的” foolish childish selfish
●-ive “有……倾向的” active attractive expensive
●-en “由……制成的” golden wooden woolen
●-ous “有(性质)的” famous, dangerous, poisonous
●-ly “有……性质的” friendly yearly daily
●-y “构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy
(2)名词后缀
●-er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
●-ese “某国(人)的” Chinese, Japanese
●-ian “某国、某地人;精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician
●-ist “某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist,socialist
●-ess “表女性,雌性” hostess, actress, princess
●-ment “行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement
●-ness “性质,状态” illness, sadness, carelessness
●-tion “动作,过程,结果” invention, organization, translation
●-ance/ ence “抽象;行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence
●-th “性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
●-ful “(满的)量” handful, spoonful, mouthful
●-(a)bility “抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability, reliability
●-al “过程、状态” survival, arrival, approval
●-y “性质、情况” modesty, delivery, honesty
●-dom “处于……状态;性质” freedom, boredom
●-age “状态,行为,身份及其结果” courage, storage, marriage
(3)动词后缀
●-fy / ify “使得;变得” simplify, beautify, purify
●-en “使成为;变得” shorten, deepen, sadden
●-ize “使成为” apologize, realize, specialize
(4)副词后缀
●-ly “方式,程度” freely, truly, angrily
●-ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards
(5)数词后缀
●-teen “十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
●-ty “整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty
●-th “序数词” twelfth, twentieth

更多文章:
重装系统后sql数据库修复(系统崩溃后,关于MYSQL恢复数据库的问题!求救啊!)
2025年7月16日 14:30
java队列(Java中关于如何实现多线程消息队列的实例(java多线程通信))
2025年9月26日 04:00
win10安装sql2005(Win10系统能安装SQL2005)
2025年7月12日 04:45
尿白细胞高是什么病(尿常规异常是怎么回事 尿常规白细胞高是什么原因)
2025年12月26日 09:00
competition反义词和同义词(竞争的意思解释 竞争造句 近义词反义词)
2026年3月5日 22:15
caps lock(键盘上的“Caps Lock”键起什么作用)
2026年2月14日 23:30
response paper怎么写(留学作业中的response paper是什么response paper怎么写)
2026年6月30日 18:45
狄利克雷函数qc(狄利克雷函数(Dirichlet Function)有什么用处)
2026年1月13日 18:15
string为什么要用命名空间(想写一个简单的C++程序,由用户输入姓名(一个字符串)然后输出欢迎信息这里姓名用什么来存储呢)
2026年2月8日 07:30
php只能使用mysql(PHP进行Web开发的过程中除了使用MySQL数据库,还可以使用其他的数据库吗)
2025年7月3日 19:15
















