judgement词源(精选希腊神话故事英语词源)

本文目录
精选希腊神话故事英语词源
writing/Finger on the Wall 不详之兆;大祸临头
这个成语的字面意思是“墙上的文字(或手指)”,而实际含义是 a sign or warning ofimpending disaste(迫在眉睫的凶兆);a sign that sth bad will happen; a feeling that ones numberis up;等等。其语言外壳与内涵是怎样联系起来的呢?还是出自《圣经》。
据《旧约。但以理书》(Daniel)第 5 章记述:有一次古巴比伦(Babylonian)的国王伯沙撒 (Belshazar)正在宫殿里设宴纵饮时,突然,不知从哪里出现了一个神秘的手指,当者国王的 面,在王宫与灯台相对的粉墙上写西了四个奇怪的单词:MENE(弥尼)、MENE(弥尼)、 TEKEL(提客勒)、UPHARSING (乌法珥新)。国王张皇失措,惊恐万分,谁 也不懂墙上所写的字是什么意思。后来叫来了被虏的犹太预言家但以理,才明白了这几个字 的意思就是大难临头。他说:“弥尼就是上帝已经数算你国的年日到此为完毕;提客勒就是你被称在天平里显出你的亏欠;乌法珥新就是你的国分裂,归与玛代人和波斯人。”果然,当夜 伯沙撒被杀,又 62 岁的玛代人大利乌取而代之。
因此,“墙上的文字(或手指)”就表示身死国亡的凶兆。英语中这个成语有几种表达方式: the writing/handwriting on the wall 或 a finger on the wall
通常与 be,like 等系动词连用;有时 写成 see/read the writing on he wall 的句型,表示提出警告
such as :Don’t you see the writing on the wall
有时候也可省略 on the wall,只说 Don’t you see the writing?意思也是一样的。
eg:This inexplicable incident seemed
like the Babylonian finger on the wall
to be spelling out the letter of my judgement...
In this house of his there was writing on every business-like temperament protested against a mysterious warning that she was not made for him.
John’s emplyer had less and less work for him;John could read the writing on the wall.
The writing on the wall is clear:if man behaves like an animal and allow hs population to increase while each nation steadily increases he coplexity and range of its environment
nature will take her course and the law of the Jungle will prevail.
When Bill’s team lost four games in a row
he saw the handwriting on the wall.
ACT的动词解释
act
及物动词 vt.
1. 扮演
He acted Othello at the Royal Theater that evening.
那天晚上他在皇家剧院扮演奥赛罗。
2. 装出;举动像
He acted the wise man who knew everything and never made mistakes.
他假装成是无所不知,从不出错的聪明人。
不及物动词 vi.
1. 行动
We should act immediately.
我们应该立即行动。
2. 起作用,见效
3. 假装;演戏,表演
The actress acts very well.
这位女演员的表演非常出色。
4. 扮演,充当
John acted as chairman in his absence.
他不在时,约翰充当主席。
5. 举止,表现
I don’t think she acted right.
我认为她做得欠妥。 1.act的基本意思是“行动”,指人或事物对所期待的行为、作用或对外来影响作出反应的方式等。act用作不及物动词,常用于询问行动具体性质的疑问句中和带有状语性修饰语或形容词补足语的陈述句中。
2.act可用作系动词,接名词或形容词作表语,意思是“装成”“显得”。
3.act泛指“演戏”解时是不及物动词,作“扮演(戏剧或影视中某角色)”解时用作及物动词。用作不及物动词时也可以“戏”作主语。
4.act还可作“起作用”“见效”解,用作不及物动词,主语为物。 ~+名词
act the ass 当蠢人
act the experienced man 阅历丰富的人
act the fool 装傻子
act the idiot 装白痴
act the lord 装阔
act the part of Othello 扮演奥赛罗
act a play 演戏
act Shakespeare’s play 上演莎士比亚戏剧
~+副词
act advisably 明智地行动
act arbitrarily 一意孤行
act badly 表现不好
act bravely 表现得英勇
act cautiously 谨慎地行动
act contemptibly 行动卑鄙
act corrosively 起腐蚀作用
act cowardly in a battle 在战斗中表现怯懦
act craftily 行动狡猾
act dastardly 行动卑怯
act decisively〔manly〕 行动果断
act deliberately 行动审慎
act diplomatically 机巧地行事
act disloyally to 对…行为不忠
act foolishly 干得很愚蠢
act generously 表现很慷慨
act half-heartedly 做事不认真,马虎地行事
act hastily 仓促地行事
act ignobly 行为可耻
act immediately 立即行动
act indiscreetly 做事轻率
act judiciously 行动审慎
act nobly 行为高尚
act precipitately 行动鲁莽
act promptly 立即行动
act prudently 行动审慎
act rashly 轻举妄动
act responsibly 负责任地行事
act rightly 做得对,行为正当
act selfishly 自私地行动,表现自私
act sensibly 明智地行动,表现明智
act squarely and above-board 做事光明正大,正大光明地干
act unadvisedly 行动欠考虑
act unexpectedly 出乎意外地行动
act unwisely 不明智地行动
act vigorously 采取有力行动
act warily 谨慎地行动
act out 扮演,以动作表达
act out the story of the three bears 表演三只熊的故事
act out one’s troubled feelings 表达出不安的心情
act up (机器)出毛病,(病情)复发
~+介词
act according to 按照…行动
act according to one’s conscience 凭良心办事
act against advice 不按忠告行事
act against one’s interest 违反自己的兴趣行事
act against order 违抗命令
act against rules 违反规则
act against the will of sb 违反某人的意志行事
act as 起…作用,扮演,充当
act as a buffer against... 作为对付…缓冲物
act as a conductor 担任指挥
act as a receptionist 当接待员
act as a spy 充当间谍
act as barrier 作为障碍
act as chairman 当主席
act as go-between 作为中间人
act as guide 做向导
act as an umpire 任裁判员,任公断人
act for 代理,代表…
act for one’s interests 做有利于自己之事
act from a reason to oneself 出于个人考虑而行事
act from a sense of duty 凭责任感行事
act from jealousy 出于妒忌行事
act from caprice 做事任性
act from high or low motives 由于高尚或卑鄙的动机而行事
act from impulse 凭一时冲动行事
act from instinct 出于本能行事
act in cold blood 采取冷酷无情的行动; 冷静地采取行动
act in collusion 一致行动
act in concert with 与…一致行动
act in contravention of 违反
act in coordination 配合行动
act in good faith 做事清白
act in self-defence 自卫行动
act in unison 与…一致行动
act like 行为像…,表现得像…
act like a wet blanket 行动使人扫兴
act like an ostrich 采取鸵鸟政策
act like one man 像一个人一样一致行动; 齐心协力
act on〔upon〕 按…行事
act on a previously-determined plan 按既定计划办
act on a sudden impulse 凭一时心血来潮而行事
act on faith 根据信仰行事
act on impulse 凭一时冲动行事
act on information received 根据所得到的情报采取行动
act on mistaken orders 按错误的命令办
act on nervous instinct 凭神经性的本能行事
act on one’s knowledge of 根据自己对…的认识行事
act on one’s principles 根据原则行事
act on previously-determined policy 按既定政策办
act on sb’s advice 按照某人的指点行事
act on sb’s behalf 代表某人行事
act on sb’s request 按照某人的要求行事
act on the emotions of sb 在某人情绪影响之下行事
act on the idea 按照这个意见行动
act on the spirits of 发扬…精神
act on the suggestions made by... 根据…的建议办事
act on wrong views 按错误的观点办事
act out of kindness 行动出于善行
act out of pity 出于同情而做
act out of spleen 出于愤恨而行动
act through sb 通过(谁)而行事
act to the best of my judgement 竭力按照我的判断行事
act under 在…情况下行动
act under compulsion 被迫去做
act up 表现不好; 行为不良; (机器)出毛病; 作弄; 开玩笑; (旧病)复发; 恶化
act up to one’s ideal 遵照某人的理想办事
act up to promise 履行诺言
act up to one’s reputation 做符合某人声望的事
act with extreme caution 极其谨慎地行事
act with great composure 泰然自若地行事
act with the most perfect sense 极为通情达理地行事
act with vigour 办事精力充沛
act without any thought of the consequence 做事不考虑后果
act without a plan 盲目行事,胡搞,胡来
act without thinking 轻率行事 act, act out
它们的共同意思是“表演”,其区别在于:
1.act的宾语一般是戏剧或角色, act out的宾语则可以是故事、对话等。
2.act out更强调把内容、情感、思想等用动作而不是用语言表现出来。
act as, act on
这两个短语都可译作“起作用”,但含义并不相同, act as是“以…身份而起作用”; act on是“对…起作用”。也就是说act as的宾语是“起作用”的主体; 而act on的宾语则是“作用”客体。
act as, act for
这两个短语意思有些相近,但并不相同,其区别在于:
1.act as后接表示职务的名词,而act for后多接人称代词,而少接职务名词。
2.act as强调的是职务,而act for强调的是所代替的人。
3.带有act for句中的职务是临时的; 而act as后接的职务既可是临时的,又可是长期的。
4.act as后接职务的是一个人,而担任act for句中的职务者有两个人,其中for后的人是正式的,长期的, act的逻辑的主体则是代理的,临时的。
5.act as后接的(职务)名词前往往省略冠词; 而act for后接的名词一般情况下有the。
act as, act like
它们并非同义短语,后者只是一种自由搭配。它们的区别很明显:前者的意思是“是”,后者的意思是“像(而不是)”。另外, as后常省略冠词,而like后则多用冠词。再有, as短语一般看作主语补语(表示主语身份),而like短语一般看作方式状语。
act as, serve as
参见serve条。
act the fool, act like a fool
这两个短语的意思基本相同,只是前者强调主观上是有意识地装傻,后者则指其举止行为客观上看来如同傻子一般。
act, behave
这两个词的共同意思是“做”,在很多场合下可以互换。其区别是:
1.act强调采取行动; 而behave强调人的行为是否符合某种行为标准,如道德或礼貌等。
2.act作“做”解时是不及物动词; 而除用作不及物动词外,还可用作及物动词,跟反身代词。
act, perform
这两个词的共同意思是“演出”,常可互换。例如:
Who is acting〔performing〕 the part of the main hero in the play?谁在扮演剧中的主角?
They acted〔performed〕 well.他们演得很好。
它们之间的区别是:
1.act强调的是“扮演(某角色)”; perform强调的是“表演(给人看)”,后者更侧重于表演的能力,技巧或效果。
2.act指戏剧、电影,而perform除指戏剧电影外,还包括器乐演奏及舞蹈等。
3.act的主语通常是人,而perform还可以是动物等。 acting n. 表演; 演戏
n. accomplishment, achievement, action, deed, exploit, feat, move, performance, step;bill, degree, edict, law, measure, official decision, ordinance, resolution, statute; main division of a play, short performance, routine, segment of play; fake, pose, pretense v. commit oneself, do it, do, execute, function, move, operate, perform, press on, put forth, behave, comport oneself, work,enact, impersonate, play, represent
n. inaction, inactivity v. stay, stop rest, put off
《拉丁语actus(做,行为)
自考英语(一)课堂笔记完整版(18)
Unit9(第26讲—第28讲)
本课简介
在learned words and popular words这篇课文中,作者对学术词汇和普通词汇进行了定义。讲述了两类词汇之间的差异,并且指出把词分为学术的和普通的方便而且有道理。但是人们必须注意,把普通词汇理解为属于大众所有的词,而不是某个特定阶层的人们所拥有的东西。学术词汇也并非有学问之人专用,只是它的存在是由于书籍和文学的培养而不是日常会话的实际需要。
本课主要语言点
1. In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, make up the whole vocabulary.
class在本句中的意思是“种类”,相当于type, category.如:
1)It is very difficult to meet the needs of various classes of readers.(要满足各种读者的需要十分困难)
2)How many classes are you going to divide these books? (你打算把这些书分成几类?)
class 还常用来表示“等级”,如:a second-class hotel (二等旅馆);
an economy-class ticket (经济舱票);fly first class (乘头等舱航空旅行)。
class 也可以用动词用,意思是“把 …分类;把…看作”,如:
1)At 19 you are still classed as a teenager.(到了十九岁,你仍旧是青少年。)
2)He was classed as a genius (他被看作为天才)
make up 在本句中的意思是“组成、构成”,请看例句:
1)Twenty-six boys and twenty-four girls make up the class (二十六名男生和二十四名女生组成了这个班)
2)Twelve doctors made up the medical team (十二名医生组成医疗队)
用被动语态时则应用be made up of,如:
This engine is made up of 490 parts (这台发动机是由四百九十个部件装配而成的)
taken together 过去分词短语做后置定语,对中心词做一些附加说明,相当于一个非限定性定语从句,要用逗号和中心词隔开,如:
All the letters in the drawer, written in pencil, are from my brother.(抽屉里的这些用铅笔写的信都是我弟弟写的。)
2. First, there are those words with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our friends, and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write.
句子中which引导的都是定语从句,修饰中心词words.第一个which的前面有介词with,这儿的with是familiar with中的介词前置了。Familiar with 意为“熟悉”。如:Are you familiar with the man standing over there?(站在那边的那个人你熟悉吗?)
请注意familiar with 与familiar to 的区别,familiar with 的主语通常是人,而familiar to的主语通常是物。如:
1)I am not familiar with this place.
2) This place is mot familiar to me.
that is to say 是插入语,其作用是对整个一句话进行解释,类似的插入语还有so to speak, if I may say so, if you don’t mind等等,如:
1)I’d really rather not go, if you don’t mind 我确实不想去,你如果不介意的话。
2) The new emperor was, so to speak, a puppet.新皇帝可以说是个傀儡。
3.They concern the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of who speak the language concern 在句中的意思是“涉及,有关于”,如:
1)Don’t interfere in things that don’t concern you (别干预跟你无关的事)。
2)The energy problem concerns us all (能源问题关系到我们每个人)
stock的意思很多,如“存货”,“股票”,“公债券”,“牲畜”等。
1)They hold a rich stock of information (他们掌握着丰富的材料)
2)You cannot buy it because it’s out of stock (你买不成了,货品已经脱销)
3)He used to have a stock farm (他曾经拥有一个畜牧场)
4)The fridge was carefully stocked up with food.(冰箱里周到地放满了食品)
stock in trade 也可以写成stock in trade,意思是“例行工作”,“常规”,如:
1)Complaints were a stock in trade of an airport manager’s job (机场经理的工作就是常常面对投诉)
2)He was the master of black humor, it was his stock in trade (他是黑色幽默大师,黑色幽默是他的专长)
4.Such words may be called “popular”, since they belong to the people at large and are not the possession of a limited class only.
since 在句中引导的是一个原因状语从句,请看例句:
1)Since it was Saturday, he got up very late (因为是周六,他起床很晚。)
2)You can take the place of him since he is not interested (你可以取代他,因为他对这事不感兴趣)
at large 在本句中的意思是“整个”,这个词组的意思还有很多,请看下面的句子:
1)The people at large love peace (大多数人热爱和平)
2)The virus is still at large (这种病毒还在蔓延)
3)The murderer is still at large (杀人犯仍逍遥法外)
4)He talked at large about his plans (他详尽地谈了自己的计划)
5)They made the arrangements at large (他们随意地做了安排 )
5. 请注意区别与possession 有关的两个词组:in possession of sth……和 in the possession of sb.
1)He is in possession of this house (他拥有这所房子)
2)The house is in the possession of him
3)On the other hand, our language includes large number of words which are relatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.
英语中有许多表示启承转合的词语,阅语中注意这些词有助于我们提高理解力,写作中注意用这些词,有助于我们把文章写得连贯、有条理。On the other hand 在本句中用来表示不同或相反的语气,在前一段中讲了popular word 这一段中作者则要讲讲learned words. 表示不同或相反语气的词还有很多,比如:Conversely, however, on the contrary, unlike, whereas, yet等等。
前面我们提到过number可以与可数名词连用,而amount可与不可数名词连用,如:
1)A large number of students have passed the exam (许多学生已经通过了考试)
2)They paid a large amount of money for the house (他们付了一大笔钱买了这座房子)
6.Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little occasion to use them at home
occasion 通常可以做可数名词用,意思是“时刻、场合”;也可以做不可数名词用,意思是:“必要性、需要;机会”。如:
1)They’re met on several occasions (他们已相遇过好几次)
2)They are occasions when you find it difficult to say “Good-bye”。(有时候你会觉得说“再见”很难。)
3)I don’t remember I had occasion to blame him (我不记得我有责备他的必要)
7.In the latter, we are using a Latin Derivation which has exactly the same meaning
在前一句中用了“in the first case,” 本句中的“in the latter ”是指in the latter case .对两件事分别进行表述时,可以用in the first case, in the latter case 这一类词,条理非常清楚,也可以用the former,the latter 来表述。derivation 是derive 的名词形式。Latin derivation 意思是“拉丁语词源的词”,请看例句:
1)These words are derived from Latin (这些词由拉丁语派生而来)
2)The derivation of words is interesting (词的派生很有意思)
8. The terms “popular” and “learned”, as applied to words, are not absolute definitions.本句中的term意思是“术语、名称”,如:
1) I don’t know how to put this term into Chinese (我不知道如何把这一术语译成中文)
2) Writer is hardly the term to apply to him (“作家”这一名称很难用在他身上)
term 还有“期限;任期;学期”的意思,如:
1)During his 4-year term of office, he did a lot of things for the common people.(在他四年的任职期间,他为普通百姓做了不少事。)
2) He decided to rum for a second term (他决定竞选连任。)
3) The autumn term is coming to an end (秋学期快要结束了。)
apply to 在句中的意思是“用于”,如:
1)This rule applies to upper class students only (这条规则只适用于高年级学生。)
2)I don’t think what he says applies to you (我想他的话对你不适用)
3)They are eager to apply the theory to practice (他们急切地想把这一理论用于实践)
apply for 则是“申请”的意思,如:
1)How many people have applied for the job?(有多少人申请了这个工作?)
2)They applied for permission to use the tennis court (他们申请使用网球场。)
9. Still the classification into “learned” and “popular” is convenient and sound .本句中的sound是形容词,意思是“正确的;明智的”,如:
1)He felt so happy that he had made a sound decision.(做了正确的决定,他感到很高兴。)
2)He was so carried away by power that he could not make any sound judgement(他被权力冲昏了头脑,无法做出任何明智的判断)
请看下面几个句子,注意sound 在句中的意思:
1)He is sound in body and mind (他身心健康)
2)The house is sound .Don’t hesitate to buy it (这所房了完好无损,别犹豫,买下它)
3)The baby is having a sound sleep.(宝宝在酣睡)
4)Father gave him a sound beating.(父亲给他一顿痛打)
10.When we call a word “learned” we don’t mean that it is used by learned persons alone, but simply that its presence in the English vocabulary is due to books and the cultivation of literature rather than to the actual needs of ordinary people
not (that)…。but (that)。意思“不是…。而是。”如:
1)I came here again not because I enjoy the scenery so much but because I like the people .(我又来这儿,不是因为我多喜欢这儿的景色,而是我爱这儿的人们。)
2)By calling him Shylock, I don’t mean that he is named Shylock,but that he is as miserly as Shylock.(叫他夏洛克,我不是说他的名字叫夏洛克,而是说他像夏洛克一样吝啬。)
due to 在句中的意思是“由于”,如:
1)His failure was due to carelessness (他的失败是由于粗心。)
2)Due to lack of funds,they had to postpone the project.(由于缺少资金,他们不得不推迟计划)
rather than 在本句的意思是“不是…而是……”,“与其……不如…”
1) He is a writer than a teacher (与其说他是教师,不如说他是作家。)
2)He lay rather than sit in the armchair (与其说他是坐在扶手椅上不如说是躺在里面。)
本课主要词组
1.make up
2.be familiar with
3.learn from
4.belong to
5.at large
6.on the other hand
7.be knows to
8.acquaintance with
9.in a style
10. be of importance
11. in the first case
12. in the latter (case)
13. in print
14. apply to
15. come up
16. as to
17. as a whole
18. due to
19. rather than
Text B how should you build up your vocabulary?
短语表达
1. build up (建立;增强;增加)
They worked hard to build up the friendship between the people in two countries.
Get plenty of exercise every to build up your health.
2. come across (穿过,出现;遇到)
They came across the street to meet me.
A good idea came across my mind
We are bound to come across difficulties, but we are determined to overcome them.
3. look up (查阅)
If there are words you don’t understand, look them up in the dictionary .
For further information about this matter, look up this book.
4. at top speed (以速度)
He drove his car at top speed
It’s dangerous to corner at top speed
5. depend on (依靠;取决于)
We’ll depend mainly on ourselves to solve the problem.
The accomplishment of the task depends on the solution of this major problem.
6. make sense (有意义、讲得通)
What he said just now didn’t make any sense to me.
This sentence doesn’t make any sense.
7. try doing sth(尝试做某事)
You can try using another method to go it
He tried climbing the mountain without any help.
8. come up with (提出,想出;提供)
He is expected to come up with some ideas after he thinks about the problem.
The TV network will come up with better shows in the future.
9. lead to(导致)
Our discussions led to confusion. The earthquake led to heavy loss of life.
10. after all (毕竟)
Don’t expect too much of him, he is, after all, a child of 10.
We didn’t finish all the work. After all, we didn’t have enough hands
11. provide with (提供)
It is necessary that you provide them with all the equipment
We are satisfied to be provided with these kitchen utensils
12. begin with (以……开始)
The first word of a sentence should begin with a capital letter .
To begin with, we ought to know what we are here for.

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