resent的副词(英语句意理解:They resent whoever tries to help)

本文目录
- 英语句意理解:They resent whoever tries to help
- 英语中的定语从句
- 人教版小学3年级到6年级英语单词
- 初二上学期学的哪些词后面+doing
- 英语动名词
- 这个句子的成分如何分析 Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility.
- resent的 用法
英语句意理解:They resent whoever tries to help
语法一直是很多同学的英语入门难点,想要提高英语成绩,必须打好语法根基!今天小编整理了四级最全语法知识点总结,带你轻松掌握语法难点!
话不多说,快来收干货!
1.主动形式
2.被动形式
v CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。
v 时间状语从句当中的时态:
1.不定式:
一)不定式的常考形式:
1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生
2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前
二)不定式常考的考点:
1)不定式做定语----将要发生
2)不定式做状语----目的
3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;
+ doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)
v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to
I ‘d like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.
help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:
want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do
be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do
五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.
2. 动名词:具有动作性特征的名词
1)是名词 seeing is believing
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.
一)动名词的形式:
一般形式:I don’t like you smoking.
完成形式:I regret not having taken your advice.
被动形式:This question is far from being settled.
二) 动名词常考的点
1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.
A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you’re calling(Key:C your calling 也对)
I regret not having taken your advice.
4)有些词后只能接动名词
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法:
it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point...
5)有些词后加不定式和动名词均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式,意义截然不容。
I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)
I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)
forgot与remember的用法类似。
I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…
I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。
try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.
try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去,但我父亲不让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
prefer的用法:
我宁愿在这里等。
I prefer to wait here. (所以啊,你不介意的话,我就等下去。)
I prefer waiting here.(我正在这里等,我就喜欢这么做。)
I prefer swimming to cycling. (这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。)
3 分词:
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态
现在分词的形式:
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean(主任)? (与谓语动词同步发生)
2)完成形式:Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)
3)完成被动形式:Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)
过去分词
1) 过去分词表示被动:Fight no battle unprepared.
2)过去分词的进行形式:You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)
这三种非谓语动词,都可以构成复合结构,非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动,往往就是考点。独立主格结构中,要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。
情态动词所表达的可能性程度:must/can’t à should/shouldn’t à might/may (not)
另外两个"类情态词的形式:"need/needn’t; have to/don’t have to
v 最自然的虚拟状态:由should/would+原型时态(不含时间只含状态)
本质上是过去将来时:即,时间固定在过去将来,状态不同:一般、进行、完成、完成进行。
这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"(而现在却还没有……)
(本来可以……,本来能……)
I should go! (… but I’m still here!) (一般)
I should be working now! (进行)
I should have practiced more (than I did)! (完成)
我应该多多练习!(言下之意,现在我练习得不多。)
I shouldn’t dream away my time too much! (完成的否定)
(actually I did dream away my time too much!)
It shouldn’t have been leaking for such a long time! (完成进行)
I may/might/could have finished! (完成)
一些常见的句型中,就会出现这种虚拟语气,而处于从句之中,should 常常被省略掉
o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;
o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;
o require, request;
o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.
由于他们的含义中包含"建议,假设,应该"这类的含义,所以,由他们引起的从句中,就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。
这些动词(以及他们的名次形式,分词形式)引起的从句还有其他的变形:
主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句
It’s suggested that…
My suggestion is that…
The only suggestion that...
The only suggestion I can give you now is that…
一些形容词引起的表语从句中,也会有同样的情况
由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should
v 表达与事实相反
1. 与现在相反:使用:
I wish I were not here! (一般现在à一般过去)
Suppose we were not here.
He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在à一般过去)
Hope I weren’t always losing things! (现在进行à过去进行)
If only/If I hadn’t been there! (现在完成à过去完成)
What if I hadn’t been waiting right here! (现在完成进行à过去完成进行)
常考句型:It’s (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…
这两个从句,只能表达对现在的看法,所以,从句中只有一般过去时。
2. 与过去相反:过去完成时;
How nice it is if I had past the test!
How nice it is if I had slept a little more this morning!
3. 与将来相反?将来的事情没有发生,所以只能推测。
If it rains tomorrow, we’ll have to stay one day more.
不过,由于可以用be to表示将来;所以,虚拟语气中经常出现were to;也是CET-4的常考语法点。
v 虚拟条件句
o if 部分,做一个与事实相反的假设(所以只有一般过去和过去完成);
o 主句部分,这是表示基于这个假设的推测,一般使用情态动词would,少数情况下使用could/might/may。
o 注意:两个部分之间,是有逻辑关系,而在两部分的谓语动词时态上,没有必然的联系。
v 注意,虚拟条件句中的if可以省略,造成were/had提前,产生倒装。
v 隐含的非真实条件
What would you do with 50 thousand dollar?
How could I be happy without you?
除了条件状语从句之外,原因状语从句也会出现虚拟语气。
o 由in order that, so that引起的从句,肯定的时候可以使用may/might; can/could; 否定的时候,多用shouldn’t;
o whoever, whatever, no matter what引起的从句中,多用may+
好啦,以上就是四级语法干货!
不会语法的同学一定要收藏反复观看理解哈!
英语中的定语从句
I. 由关系代词w ho, w hom , w ho se, w h ich, that 引导的定
语从句。
i. w ho 代替人, 在从句中作主语。
e. g. A man w ho doesn’t t ry to learn from o thers can no t
hope to ach ieve much.
一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。
ii. w hom 代替人, 在从句中作宾语, 通常可以省略。
e. g. The engineer w hom w e met yesterday have wo rked
out a new automat ic device.
我们昨天碰到的工程师研制出了一种新型的自动化装置。
iii. w ho se 代替人或物, 在从句中作定语。
e. g. M adam Curie is a great scient ist w ho se name is
know n all over the wo rld.
居里夫人是一位世界闻名的伟大科学家。
They live in the house w ho se doo r and w indow s are all
broken.
他们住在一间门窗都已破败不堪的房子里。
iv. w h ich 代替物, 在从句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语。作宾
语时, 通常可以省略。
e. g. A direct current is a current w h ich flow s in one
direct ion only.
直流电是沿着一个方向流动的电流。
The music to w h ich w e listened last nigh t w as w rit ten by
my father.
我们昨晚欣赏的音乐是由我父亲写的。
v. that 代替人或物。在从句中作主语或宾语, 但不能作介
词宾语。作宾语是通常可以省略。
e. g. He is the only one among us that know s English.
他是我们中间唯一懂英语的人。
The car that almo st crashed into me belonged to B row n.
差点撞到上我的那辆车是布朗先生的。
She talked about the p rofesso rs and co lleges that she had
visited. (指人和物)
她谈到了她所访问过的教授和大学。
注意:
关系代词that 和w h ich 的区别如下:
1 ). 先行词为all, anyth ing, someth ing, no th ing,
everyth ing, lit t le, much 等不定代词时, 只能用that.
e. g. M at ter is anyth ing that has w eigh t and takes up
space.
任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质。
2). 先行词前有最高级形容词以及first, last, every,
some, any, very, next, only 等修饰词时, 只能用that.
e. g. The first th ing that they should do is to wo rk out
their p lan.
他们首先需要做的就是制定计划。
3). W h ich 引导的定语从句前可以使用逗号, 表示这是非
限定性定语从句, that 从句则不能。
e. g. H is speech, w h ich bo red everyone , w ent on and on .
他的演讲不断持续着, 令每一个人都心烦。
I never met Judy again, w h ich w as a p ity.
我再也没有见到朱迪, 十分遗憾。
II. 由关系副词w hen, w here, w hy 所引导的定语从句。
i. w hen 作状语, 其先行词多为表示时间概念的名词。
e. g. W e can never fo rget the day w hen HongKong
returned to our homeland.
我们永远也不会忘记香港回归祖国的那一天。
ii. w here 作状语, 其先行词多为表示地点概念的名词。
e. g. The building w here you used to live has been pulled
dow n.
你过去住的楼房已经被拆除了。
iii. w hy 作状语, 其先行词多为表示原因概念的名词。
e. g. W e know the reason w hy he w as very angry.
我们知道他为什么那么生气。
III. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
i. 限制性定语从句
通常限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切, 因此不能缺少, 否
则会影响全句的意义; 从句前不用逗号。
e. g. You can no t answ er the quest ion w h ich he put
fo rw ard .
你无法回答他提出的问题。
ii. 非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句与先行词只是一种松散的修饰关系, 一
般只是补充其意思, 即使省略了也不会影响主句意义的完整性;
从句前常用逗号分开, 从句中的关系代词不能省略。
e. g. Helen w asmuch k inder to her youngest ch ild than she
w as to o thers, w h ich, of course, made o thers jealous.
海伦对最小的孩子比对别的孩子体贴的多, 这当然使得别
的孩子妒忌。
这些就是英语中关于定语从句的一些基本用法, 有些更为
复杂的定语从句句型同样可以是由这些基本的规则构成的。在
掌握定语从句的基本用法的基础上, 以后碰到了难以快速判断
的定语从句时, 我们也就应该做到心中有数, 游刃有余了。
T ime stays no t the foo l’s leisure—— 时间不等闲逛的傻
瓜, 不要再坐着等待梦的实现。There is no t ime like the
p resent—— 现在正是时候, 让我们从一点一滴学起, 为我们的
未来铺平道路。
人教版小学3年级到6年级英语单词
名词
名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:
1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:
冠词和数词
2.1 不定冠词的用法
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。
不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作。
1) 表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2) 代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
3) 词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
代词
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、
"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:
数 单数 复数
格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
he him they them
第三人称 she her they them
it it they them
如:He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
It’s me. 是我。
二、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人物和数的变化见下表。
数 单数 复数
人称 第一 第二 第三 第一 第二 第三
人称 人称 人称 人称 人称 人称
形容词性 my your his/her its our your/their
物主代词
名词性 mine yours his/hers its ours yours/theirs
物主代词
如: I like his car.
我喜欢他的小汽车。
Our school is here,and theirs is there.
我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。
三、 指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。
如: That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。
四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为"反身代词"。
如: She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。
五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other 和one another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别。
如: They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。
六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如anybody, something,no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语, 但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。如:
--- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗?
--- Yes,I have one. --是的,我有一辆。
--- I don’t know any of them. 他们,我一个也不认识。
七、 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)
如:Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。
八、 关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。
如: He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。
数词
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
一、基数词
1)基数词写法和读法: 345 three hundred and forty-five;
2)基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:
a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人;
b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;
如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。
c. 表示"几十岁";
d. 表示"年代",用 in +the +数词复数;
e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.
二、序数词
序数词的缩写形式: first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st
三、 数词的用法
1)倍数表示法
a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as
I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。
c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
2)分数表示法
构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数:
1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three and three-sevenths.
中国英语学习网-简明语法
形容词及其用法
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。
2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。
(错) He is an ill man.
(对) The man is ill.
(错) She is an afraid girl.
(对) The girl is afraid.
这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:
something nice
系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
说明:
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)
He fell off the ladder.
他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
动名词
6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语
1)作主语
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
南方与北方开战了。
2)作宾语
a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth
admit 承认 appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免
complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 prevent阻止
fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resist 抵抗 resume 继续 risk 冒险
suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续
举例:
(1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
(2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
b. 词组后接doing
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to busy look forward to(to为介词)
no good, no use, It’s worth…, as well as,
can’t help, It’s no use /good be tired of
be fond of be capable of be afraid of
be proud of think of / about hold off
put off keep on insist on count on / upon
set about be successful in good at take up
give up burst out prevent … from…
3)作表语
Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.赞同5| 评论
初二上学期学的哪些词后面+doing
这个很复杂,我说的不一定全,反正常用的就是下面这些:
一、不定式的基本形式: to+动词原形,有时可以省略to.
二、 动词不定式的特点: (1)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语.
(2)动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语.动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语.如: to read a book; to sing at the party.
(3)动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语.
三、动词不定式作宾语.即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,是谓语动词涉及的直接对象.如果没有这个不定式,这个句子的意思就让人难以理解. 能直接带不定式作宾语的及物动词主要有: want, like , love , need , try , ask , learn , begin , start , forget , remember, hope , wish , agree, choose , fail , refuse , decide , afford , offer , make sure , take turns , would like , plan , hate , try one’s best 等.
四、动词不定式作宾语补足语. 能用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: ask , tell , get , order , would like , want , teach , show , allow , encourage , warn , wish , invite ,help等.
五、动词不定式作状语: 即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,仅对谓语动词起一个补充说明的作用.如果没有它,句子仍然意思完整,它不象作宾语那样,与谓语动词有着密切的关系.(1)表示目的: The doctor came to operate on her. He has gone to town to do some shopping. I sat down to have a rest. He stopped to have a look. He rushed into the room to save the girl. The moved away the stone to let the traffic go. He got up to catch the train.
(2)表示结果: The girl cried only to make her mother angry.
(3)表示程度: She is too tired to walk any farther. She is strong enough to carry the heavy box.
(4)表示原因: I was surprised to read the news.
能带不定式作状语的形容词有: glad , happy , pleased , angry , clever , careful , surprised , lucky ,ready ,sorry, amazed , afraid ,sad , unhappy , sure , free ,kind, nice , worried , easy , hard
六、不定式作定语: 动词不定式作定语,一般要放在被修饰词的后面,不定式与所修饰的词构成动宾关系. We have lots of work to do. Would you like something to drink? I want to get something to read during my holiday. That’s a difficult question to answer.
【注意】如果动词不定式是不及物动词,后面就应有必要的介词. 如: He is looking for a room to live in. Give me a piece of paper to write on. He has nothing to worry about. There is not enough space to stand in on the earth.. She is a nice person to work with. a place to go to.
七、动词不定式作主语: 如 To learn a foreign language is not easy.
在现代英语中,常用it来作形式主语,而把真正的动词不定式主语放在后面.即句型:
“It is+形容词+for ( of) sb. to do sth.”中,当形容词是kind ,nice , good , clever , careful , careless , right , wrong , foolish 等表示人的性格特征时, 用of ; 如果形容词为difficult , easy , hard, important ,interesting, possible ,necessary 等表示事物的特征时, 用for. It is necessary / important / easy / hard/ possible for us to learn English well. It is very kind /nice / good of you to help me with my English.
※ 在句型: 主语+find / think / feel / make +it +形容词+ to do sth.中,it为形式宾语.
I found it very important to learn English well. I think it easy to learn English well.
八、作表语: My job is to teach English. His wish is to become a scientist.
九、动词不定式和疑问词连用.动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which , how , when , where ,who 等连用,构成不定式短语,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分.这时往往可以扩写成宾语从句; The question is how to use the computer.
I don’t know where to go for my holiday =I don’t know where I can go for my holiday.
He can’t decide which book to choose.= He can’t decide which book he can choose.
I don’t know what I should do next=I don’t know what to do next.
十、动词不定式的否定形式: not to+动词原形
Tell him not to be late. I will try not to read in bed.
十一、动词不定式省略to的场合:(1)作动词let, make , have, feel ,hear, see , watch , notice 等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式不带to. Let him do the work. He made me work day and night. I saw him fall off the bike.
(2)作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式可带to,也可不带to.
He didn’t help me(to)mend the bike. You have helped ( to ) protect our environment.
(3)在助动词和一些情态动词如will , would , shall , should , can , could , may , might , must , do , does , did , didn’t , don’t , doesn’t 等的后面,用动词原形,即动词不定式不带to.
Will you help me? He doesn’t live here. It might rain . You must finish your homework on time.
(4)在why not…? , had better , would rather 等的后面也跟不带to的动词不定式.(原形)
Why not buy a dictionary? You had better (not)stay at home. I would rather go early.
(5)在第二个不定式前一般不带to. I would like to lie down and go to sleep.
Do you want to eat now or wait till later?
※ 在下列答语中, to不能省略: -Will you join me in a walk?-I will be glad to.
-Will you go swimming with me this afternoon?-I would love to.
-Used he work in the factory?-Yes , he used to .
Exercises:
1. We must find a person (做这项工作)
2. In my family, my mother is always the first one (起床)
3. Do you have (什么问题要问)?
4. There are (许多重要事情要谈)
5. This book is (不容易理解)
6.He was too excited (说不出话来)
7. Do you think him easy (容易相处)?
8. You must get him (今晚顺便到这儿来)
9. It was not good (早晨起床晚)
10. It was a mistake (没有帮他学英语)
11. Her wish is (成为一名大学生)
12.What worries me is (在会上演说些什么)
13. It is our duty (保护家园)
14. I opened the door (让新鲜空气进来)
一、 习惯上只接动名词作宾语的动词
admit(承认),advise(建议),allow(允许),anticipate(预料),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),consider(考虑),defer(延期),delay(推迟),deny(否认),detest(讨厌),discuss(讨论),dislike(不喜欢),dread(担心),enjoy(喜爱),escape(逃脱),excuse(原谅),fancy(设想),finish(完成),forbid(禁止),forgive(原谅),imagine (想像),keep(保持),loathe(厌恶),mention(提及),mind(介意),miss(没赶上),pardon(原谅),permit(允许),practice(练习),prevent(阻止),prohibit(禁止),propose(建议),recollect(记得),report(报告),resent(愤恨),resist(抵制),risk(冒险),stand(容忍),stop(停止,阻止),suggest(提议),understand(理解)
二、接动名词或不定式作宾语且意义相差不大的动词
like(喜欢),love(喜欢),hate(憎恨),prefer(宁可),begin(开始),start(开始),continue(继续),can’t bear(不能忍受),bother(麻烦),intend(想要),cease(停止)
三、 接动名词或者不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词
接动名词或者不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词
1、remember(记得),forget(忘记),regret(后悔),stop(停止)
(1)后接不定式时指该不定式所表示的动作后发生。例如:
Remember to clean your room. 记得打扫房间。(还未打扫,先是remember,之后才clean)
He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(尚未付钱,forgot时还没pay)
He stopped to listen, but heard nothing. 他停下来听了听,但什么声音也没有听到。(先停后听)
(2)后接动名词时则指该动名词所表示的动作先发生。例如:
I remember cleaning the classroom. 我记得打扫了教室。(已打扫过)
He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱。(已付过钱了)
He stopped speaking. 他不讲话了。(先说后停)
(3)注意:go on to do sth 和go on doing sth 也有类似差别:前者表示做完某事后接着做另一事,后者表示继续做正在做的事。例如:
You shouldn’t go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。(go on 后接doing通常被认为是现在分词而不是动名词)
Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后, 请接着做其他的练习
2、try 后接不定式表示设法做某事,接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。例如:
I’ll try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来。
Let’s try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。
3、mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事,接动名词表示意味着(做某事,接动名词表示意味着要)做某事。例如:
He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。
This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。
4、can’t help后接动名词表示禁不住做某事,接不定式表示不能帮助做某事。例如:
He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。
The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。
四、接“逻辑主语+动名词”结构的动词
接“逻辑主语+动名词”结构的动词
有些动词后接动名词作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语,构成“动词+名词/代词+动名词”或者“动词+物主形容词/名词所有格+动名词”的结构。此类动词通常有:dislike(或like的否定句),dread, fancy, mean, mind, involve, propose, recollect, remember, resent, save, stop, suggest, understand等。例如:
My father dislikes me/my working late. 我父亲不喜欢我工作到很晚。
He resented me/my being promoted before him. 他不满我先于他提升。
I don’t remember our teacher(’s) complaining. 我不记得老师曾抱怨过。
Do you mind his/him sitting here? 你介意他坐这儿吗?
excuse, forgive, pardon和prevent后除了可以用上述结构外,还可以接“代词+介词+动名词”的结构。例如:
Forgive my/me calling you up so early. 请原谅我这么早给你打电话。
Forgive me for calling you up so early. 请原谅我这么早给你打电话。
You can’t prevent his/him spending his own money. 你不能阻止他花他自己的钱。
You can’t prevent him from spending his own money. 你不能阻止他花他自己的钱。
五、 接不定式或者现在分词作宾补的动词
此类动词通常是see, hear, feel, smell, listen to, notice, watch等感官动词。我们一般用现在分词来表示正在进行的未完成的动作;用不定式表示已经完成的动作,经常性的动作,或非延续性的动作,此时的动词不定式在主动语态中不带to,在被动语态中必须带to。例如:
I saw him playing basketball on the playground. 我看见他在操场上打篮球。(正在打,部分过程)
I saw him play basketball on the playground. 我看见他在操场上打篮球。(打完球了,全过程;主动句,无to)
He was seen to play basketball on the playground. 有人看见他在操场上打篮球。(被动句,要带to)
I noticed him buy a pen in the shop. 我看见他在商店里买了一支笔。(buy为非延续性动词)
We often hear her sing in the classroom. 我们经常听见她在教室里唱歌。(经常性的动作)
英语动名词
小弟, 刚学英语, 其中有一个概念叫 “动名词”, 这个动名词都有什么用? 我知道是动词加上ing 变。 英语造句动名词代表什么成分? 都什么情况下用? 最好举例说明。 越详细分归谁!
摘自百度百科
======
定义
动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。
解释:动词的ing形式如果是名词,这个词称动名词。
一、动名词的作用
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1、作主语
Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。
动名词作主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如:
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。
It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。
动名词作主语的几种类型
动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。
动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:
1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如:
Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如:
It is no use telling him not to worry.
常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。
注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如:
There is no saying when he’ll come.很难说他何时回来。
4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:
No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).
No parking.
5. 动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
6.例词
shopping fishing cycling这些都是很常见的动名词
二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较:
Smoking is not good for health.
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
注意:
1)在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。
2)在“It is no use...”,“It is no good...”,“It is fun...”,“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语:
It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.
*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.
3)在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语:
Does your saying that mean anything to him?
*Does for you to say that mean anything to him?
4)在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语:
There is no telling what will happen.
It is impossible to tell what will happen.
5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一:
Seeing is believing.
*To see is to believe.
2、作宾语
(1)作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。如:
They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走,说个不停。
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。
(2)作介词的宾语
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活?
(3)作形容词的宾语
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
3、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
4、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:
a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring
sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping
二、动名词的逻辑主语
带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语,动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如:
Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)
Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)
What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they have not enough food.)
在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如:
Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗?
The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。
Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了,使她妈妈很着急。
His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。
在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语:
a.无命名词
The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。
b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义
Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗?
c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列
Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗?
三、动名词的时态和语态
动名词的时态和语态如下:
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
writing
being written
完成式
having written
having been written
其否定形式是在doing前加上not
1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如:
I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。
Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。
2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如:
I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。
Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。
3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者,动名词用被动语态。
(1)它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,或在其前发生。如:
I don’t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下,我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
(2)它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如:
I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。
(3)在某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式,尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如:
Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。
I don’t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。
Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。
(4)在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式,而用一般式代替,以免句子显得累赘,尤其是在口语中。如:
I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被带到过这个动物园,可我忘了。
(5)动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形,但无进行意义,being不可省略。如:
She is afraid of being taken to the public. 她怕被领到大众面前。
四、常见题型:
1) 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数
2) 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词
3) 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语
例:
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.
A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you’re calling(Key:C;换成your calling也对)
4) 有些词后只能接动名词
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
5) 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法
it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point...
6) 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。
例:
remember to do/doing:
①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作)
②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作)
forget与remember的用法类似。
regret的用法:
①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……)
②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.(为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。)
try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验):
①You really must try to overcome your shyness.
②Try practicing five hours a day.
五、动名词与现在分词的同与不同
动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如:
Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .
(现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
She hates speaking in the public.
(动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
区别:
1、动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:
①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:
My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)
②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:
The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story.
2、动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:
动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较:
①a swimming boy和a swimming suit
前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming ,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming , 动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。
②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car
前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping ,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping ,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。
被动语态
一、 被动语态的用法:
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
1. 先找出谓语动词;
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to 。
例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定,或是间接宾语加被动语态再加只接宾语。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 或是I was given a book by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 或是i was shown a ticket by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 或是Lwas bought a new bike by my father.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse
这个句子的成分如何分析 Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility.
副词确实不能作主语,不过这里的主语也的确是resent years。因为在英语中,除了时间副词之外,还有时间名词。比如这里的最近几年中的几年:years。如果换成resently, 那么语法上就错了。同样的词语还有: day,hour,moment(时刻)等。名词作主语是完全可以的。因此,这里的主语确实是rensent years。事实上,这个句型是英语中常见的句型。经常会有:the 20th century has witnessed....,the passed days have witnessed.....等等。多看看就熟悉了。
整个句子的结构分析如下:
Recent years: 主语。 have witnessed 谓语。a growing social mobility: 宾语。而growing是宾语的修饰语。
楼主参考。
resent的 用法
resent + v-ing..怨恨……
resent + v-ing..怨恨……
resent + v-ing
怨恨……
只用 V-ing 分词结构作宾语的常见动词 ...
require + v-ing 需要做……
resent + v-ing 怨恨……
risk + v-ing 冒险…… ...
And don’t resent me..不要憎恨我
And don’t resent me..不要憎恨我
And don’t resent me
不要憎恨我
生活,是一种态度–Life In Blogcn ...
Reasons to be missed 那些会勾起回忆的理由
And don’t resent me 不要憎恨我
And when you’re feeling empty 当你感觉空虚的时候 ... 】
抱歉了不是很全面,还有好多,我在HI百度发给你,在这里发不了..
郁闷

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