population词根(今天背托福单词一直背不好 求指教!)

本文目录
今天背托福单词一直背不好 求指教!
记忆单词最好的方法是在句子中记忆,下面精心组织了100个句子,涵盖了托福的7000个词汇,记住他们,托福词汇就过关了。
篇幅所限,后面50个句子我制成文档发在附件之中。
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
1.美洲羚羊,或称叉角羚,是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中,有多少人能长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢?
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
3.人类学家们已经发现,恐惧,快乐,悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色,这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
5.任何盈利组织若要生存,最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
6.一个地方的人口越多,其对水,交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
7.简明,直接,有力的写作难于花哨,含混而意义模糊的表达。
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化,设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的,而后者是口头的。
10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
11.酸是一种化合物,它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性,并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。
12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
12. Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicatethrough facial expressions and by making noises.
14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前,很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
15.受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐,农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
16.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷,以便校准机械计时器。
17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
17.人类学是一门科学,因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果,而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
18.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要,而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤,提高其肥力,并分解动物粪便。
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
19.音叉被敲击时,产生几乎纯质的音调,其音量经久不衰。
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
20.虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。
21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.
21.用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。
22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
22.一个国家的主要食物是什么,大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。
23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
23.在大量的实验中,某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。
24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
24.大多数物质遇冷收缩,所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。
25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
25.大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。
26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.
26.到了二十一世纪中叶,美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。
27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
27.伊丽莎白市,一个重要的航运和制造业中心,坐落于新泽西州的东部。
28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.
28. Elizabeth Blackwell,美国第一个女医生,创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。
29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.
29. Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人,他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师,而非电话的发明者。
30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.
30.采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰,因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。
31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
31.骨头看起来是脆硬的,但它也有一定的弹性,使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。
32. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
32.科学家曾相信:氙气是不能形成化合物的。
33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability topredict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life. 33.对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失,避免人员伤亡。
34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed. 34.消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。
35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
35.未来主义,二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统,试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。
36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.
36. Everglades是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一,此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律)保护。
37. Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.
37. Lucretia Mott’s的影响巨大,所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。
38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
38.国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。
39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
39.大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线,该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。
40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
40.对地球引力的研究表明,在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。
41. The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.
41.尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。
42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
42.墙花之所以叫墙花,是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长,以便有所依附。
43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.
43.社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往,而不是他们各自生活中的事件。
44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansionof educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
44.给美国的新移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了Elizabeth Williams的热情。
45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
45.典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀,凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起,飞离它们的躲藏地。
46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
46.根据人类学家的说法,直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似,额头后倾,眉毛突出。
47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
47.直到1866年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。
48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.
48. John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。
49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
49.父母的教导如果坚定,始终如一和理性,孩子就有可能充满自信。
50. The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.
50.北美远古的Hopewell人很可能种植了玉米和其他农作物,但打猎和采集对他们的经济贸易仍是至关重要的。
noninstitutionalized population 指的是什么意思啊
noninstitutionalized 是一个复合词,词根是institute,其他的都是词缀,这种单词可以根据其形成了解其大意。
noninstitutionalized 就是专指一般公民,也就是非社会福利机构收容人口
dental什么意思
dental的意思是牙齿的。
一、读音
美。
二、释义
牙齿的;牙科的;齿音的。
三、词性
作形容词:牙齿的;牙科的;齿音的。
作名词:牙医;齿音;齿音字。
四、词根词缀
dent牙,dentist n.牙医。-al...的,capital n.首都,chemical adj.化学的,dial v.拨号,educational adj.教育的,festival n.节日,final adj.(指结果)最终的。
五、短语搭配
dental caries龋齿;龋(牙);龋病;蛀牙。
dental fear牙科恐惧;牙科畏惧症;又称牙科畏惧症。
dental braces牙齿矫正器;牙箍;牙套。
dental drill牙钻;牙科台钻。
dental surgery口腔外科;牙科;牙医手术;牙科手术。
六、中文解释
牙齿:牙齿是人体最硬的器官,除担负切咬、咀嚼等功能外,还起保持面部外形和辅助发音等作用。牙齿可分为切牙(门牙)、尖牙(虎牙)、前磨牙和磨牙4种。每个牙齿均由露在牙槽骨外的牙冠和长在牙槽骨内的牙根,以及牙冠、牙根之间的牙颈组成。
dental的例句:
1、A dentist friend asked me to take a look at a firm that was trying to take over his dental company.
一个牙医朋友叫我看看一个公司的股票,这家公司要收购他们的牙具公司。
2、But is it a true representation of the state of dental health in the UK population,or an unsubstantiated convenient statement?
但它是否真的能够真正代表国家的牙齿健康,英国的人口,或未经证实的方便声明?
3、Compared to the career of a dental physician,already such a respectable profession,I felt that I was no more than a shop worker.
与牙科医生这个现在已经知识分子化的职业相比,我觉得自己其实是一名店员。
4、Health care is often free for international students.You are also likely to get reduced-cost medicines,dental treatment and eye tests.
海外学生可得到免费医疗,也可得到较平的药费,牙医费和验眼费。
5、I was about to leave the house on an errand,and my husband was getting ready for a dental appointment.
我正要离家跑一躺腿,我的丈夫正准备去看牙医。
6、The American Dental Association recommends brushing your teeth and tongue with a fluoride toothpaste at least twice a day.
美国牙科协会建议人们每天用含氟牙膏清洗牙齿和舌头至少两次。
雅思听力同义词替换的4大类型
对于很多准备考雅思的同学来说,雅思听力是非常重要的,那么今天就和的我一起来了解一下雅思听力同义词替换的4大类型。
雅思听力同义替换之近义词替换
顾名思义,近义词替换是通过近义词的方式来展示题目和录音内容的联系,这种同义替换也是所有同义替换类别中最基本、最容易掌握的形式。考生若是对单词的近义词十分熟悉,那么便可以轻松解决这类问题。
例1 Most useful language practice: learning 23 vocabulary (《剑5》Test 2 Section 3第23题)
分析 该题是一道表格填空题,需要考生补充最有用的语言练习是什么。通过审题,考生可以发现本题的最佳定位词应该是vocabulary,而空格中缺少的应该是一个修饰vocabulary的定语成分。根据定位词vocabulary,考生可以在录音中听到这句话:“I also learnt some technical words that I hadn’t heard before.”在这句话中,考生发现通过一个正式和非正式的同义词转换,题干中的定位词vocabulary在录音中被替换为words,由此考生就找到了答案信息所在的位置。录音中words的修饰词为technical,所以technical为本题答案。
以上是一个名词近义词替换的例子,但对于广大考生而言,在做题过程中感觉更让人头疼的是动词或形容词的近义替换,因为这类词的替换更加灵活。不过,如果考生能够掌握相应的解题方法,也可轻松解题,如下例所示。
例2 STOP B: has good 16 of city centre (《剑7》Test 2 Section 2 第16题)
分析 该题也是一道表格填空题,让考生补充完整景点B有何特色。按照定位词选名词不选动词的原则,考生在处理本题时倾向于选city centre作为在录音中定位答案信息的定位词。通过of的所有格结构,考生可以判断出空格处应填名词。根据定位词,考生在听录音时,会把答案信息定位在下面这句话:“This is a place where you can sit and enjoy the wonderful views over the old commercial and banking centre of the city.”在这句话中,考生不难发现,centre of the city在句末出现,centre前还加入了冗长的修饰成分the old commercial and banking。在考试中,考生听到centre of the city时,可能已经忘了该句前面的内容了,因此很难准确找出题目答案。
如果换一种方式进行定位,效果会不会不同?这一次考生可以试试利用题干中的形容词good以及good和空格处应填词汇之间修饰与被修饰的关系在录音中定位及寻找答案。这样一来,考生很容易在录音中找到good的近义替换词wonderful,从而找到紧跟在其后面的词语views。所以,views即本题答案。
在考试时,很多考生会避免选题干中的形容词或动词定位。但是笔者认为,如果题目中空格前后的形容词或动词属于基础词汇,而且考生也比较熟悉其近义词,不妨将这些词归入定位词之一,很多时候可以快速帮助解题。
雅思听力同义替换之同根词替换
很多非英语专业的考生可能对同根词的概念比较陌生。同根词指的是词根相同、词意相近/相反的一组词。比如excite和excitement即为一组同根词。同根词在考试中出现次数较多,但很多时候考生并不能很好地掌握住这类同义替换,主要是因为在发音过程中,很多同根词由于词缀的变化会导致发音、重音等的一系列变化,这使得对发音不熟悉的考生在听录音时无法及时辨认出这些词属于同一个“单词家族”,最终导致定位答案失败。
例 Reading sessions help students to read ___________
A.analytically.
B.as fast as possible.
C.thoroughly. (《剑4》Test 3 Section 3第24题)
分析 通过审题,考生应该大致理解了题干的意思是“阅读课帮助学生读得___________”,也就是要考生填写学生阅读的效果。考生可以通过题干中的定位词reading和session在录音中定位到答案信息:“With reading, there’ll be sessions aimed at getting into the habit of analysing material as you read it …”之后,根据录音中的“getting into the habit of …”(养成……的习惯)找出答案。但是录音中使用的是analysing,它与题目选项A的analytically的发音出入较大。因此,很多考生即便听到了analysing这个词,也不能及时将它与analytically联系起来,最后导致丢分。因此,从这道题来看,听力中同根词考查的难点为重音及发音的变化,类似的同根词还有theatre—theatrical、deep—depth、analysis—analyse等。这要求考生平时在记忆单词时不仅要注意拼写上前后缀的变化,同时要注意发音的差别。
与此同时,在运用同根词替换时,考生也要小心同根词的“反义替换”,因为有些词缀本身就有相反的意思,比如in-、un-、il-、-less等就表达相反含义,所以考生在听的时候要对这些表示相反意思的词缀做到心中有数。
雅思听力同义替换之类别词替换
类别词即对一类事物的统称,比如中文里用“学科”统称学校里的某类课程,或者用“动物”统称狮子、老虎等。那么英语里同样有类似的对应词,比如subject、animal。这类单词在雅思听力中出现的频率非常高,且往往在“神不知鬼不觉”中被偷偷替换掉。下面通过实例来看一下这类替换的特点及方式。
例1 Produce from the area was used to 31 the people of London. (《剑6》Test 1 Section 4第31题)
分析 通过题干中was used to的结构,考生很容易推测出空格处应填入动词,听录音时的定位词可以选people或主语produce。Produce作名词时意思是“农产品,产品”。录音中提到下面这句话:“… consisted of farmland with crops and livestock which helped to feed that population.”在此处,考生会发现题干中的people与录音中的population进行了近义词替换,而produce在这里没有重现也没有近义词出现。但在这句话中,考生却发现了crops and livestock(庄稼和牲畜)这个表达,换句话说,类别词produce在这里被两个具体的例子替代了。这便是类别词替换的一大特色。考生在做题时,如果发现题干中有概括性的类别词,那么要注意想想属于该类别的例子都有哪些,对应的单词是什么,以帮助自己适应可能在录音中出现的类别词替换形式。这种类别词替换在选择类题目中经常出现,如下例所示。
例2 Dr Merrywhether thinks Antarctica was part of another continent because ___________
A. he has done his own research in the area.
B. there is geological evidence of this.
C. it is very close to South America. (《剑7》Test 2 Section 3第26题)
分析 这道题目问的是“Dr Merrywhether认为南极洲曾属于另一个大陆是因为什么”。在录音中,考生可以听到Dr Merrywhether提到:“… because fossils and rocks have been discovered in Antarctica which are the same as those found in places such as Africa and Australia.”在这里,fossils and rocks代指了选项B中的类别词geological evidence,而places such as Africa and Australia替换的是题干中的another continent。在这道题目中,无论是题干还是答案,都用类别词与录音中的表述进行了替换。类似的替换形式在选择题中还有很多,可以参考《剑7》Test 3 Section 4中的选择题去复习这类替换。
雅思听力同义替换之数量词替换
在考试中,数量词替换常出现的形式是形容词与数量词间的替换,也就是通过数量词表达与形容词同样的意思。比如,我们既可以直接说“这个书包可真贵”,也可以说“这个书包花了我2000块钱啊”,两句话表达同一个意思。在这两句话里,“贵”和“2000块钱”进行了替换。这种替换由于有着较高的隐蔽性,往往成为考生定位答案时的漏网之鱼。
例 When investing in stocks and shares,it is suggested that women should put a high proportion of their savings in 40 . (《剑5》Test 1 Section 4第40题)
分析 在这道句子填空题中,通常考生会选用题干中的a high proportion作为本题在录音中的定位词。在录音中,与这句话对应的答案信息是:“It is usually advised that at least 70% of a person’s savings should be in low-risk investments …”考生发现,从听的角度来讲,这句话的一大亮点便是出现了70%这个数字,而这个词与a high proportion意思相近,可以互相替换。由此,考生便能轻松找出本题的答案low-risk investments。这类替换往往出现在选择题或搭配题中,类似的考点词还有too long—fortnight、regular—every six months等。

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